92 research outputs found
EdgeFaaS: A Function-based Framework for Edge Computing
The rapid growth of data generated from Internet of Things (IoTs) such as
smart phones and smart home devices presents new challenges to cloud computing
in transferring, storing, and processing the data. With increasingly more
powerful edge devices, edge computing, on the other hand, has the potential to
better responsiveness, privacy, and cost efficiency. However, resources across
the cloud and edge are highly distributed and highly diverse. To address these
challenges, this paper proposes EdgeFaaS, a Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) based
computing framework that supports the flexible, convenient, and optimized use
of distributed and heterogeneous resources across IoT, edge, and cloud systems.
EdgeFaaS allows cluster resources and individual devices to be managed under
the same framework and provide computational and storage resources for
functions. It provides virtual function and virtual storage interfaces for
consistent function management and storage management across heterogeneous
compute and storage resources. It automatically optimizes the scheduling of
functions and placement of data according to their performance and privacy
requirements. EdgeFaaS is evaluated based on two edge workflows: video
analytics workflow and federated learning workflow, both of which are
representative edge applications and involve large amounts of input data
generated from edge devices
Efficient HDR Reconstruction from Real-World Raw Images
High dynamic range (HDR) imaging is still a significant yet challenging
problem due to the limited dynamic range of generic image sensors. Most
existing learning-based HDR reconstruction methods take a set of
bracketed-exposure sRGB images to extend the dynamic range, and thus are
computational- and memory-inefficient by requiring the Image Signal Processor
(ISP) to produce multiple sRGB images from the raw ones. In this paper, we
propose to broaden the dynamic range from the raw inputs and perform only one
ISP processing for the reconstructed HDR raw image. Our key insights are
threefold: (1) we design a new computational raw HDR data formation pipeline
and construct the first real-world raw HDR dataset, RealRaw-HDR; (2) we develop
a lightweight-efficient HDR model, RepUNet, using the structural
re-parameterization technique; (3) we propose a plug-and-play motion alignment
loss to mitigate motion misalignment between short- and long-exposure images.
Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art
performance in both visual quality and quantitative metrics
When Edge Meets FaaS: Opportunities and Challenges
The proliferation of edge devices and the rapid growth of IoT data have
called forth the edge computing paradigm. Function-as-a-service (FaaS) is a
promising computing paradigm to realize edge computing. This paper explores the
feasibility and advantages of FaaS-based edge computing. It also studies the
research challenges that should be addressed in the design of such systems,
which are 1) the quick decomposing and recomposing of applications, 2) the
trade-off between performance and isolation of sandbox mechanisms, and 3)
distributed scheduling. The challenges are illustrated by evaluating existing
FaaS-based edge platforms, AWS IoT Greengrass, and OpenFaaS
Ferroelectricity controlled chiral spin textures and anomalous valley Hall effect in the Janus magnet-based multiferroic heterostructure
Realizing effective manipulation and explicit identification of topological
spin textures are two crucial ingredients to make them as information carrier
in spintronic devices with high storage density, high data handling speed and
low energy consumption. Electric-field manipulation of magnetism has been
achieved as a dissipationless method compared with traditional regulations.
However, the magnetization is normally insensitive to the electric field since
it does not break time-reversal symmetry directly, and distribution of
topological magnetic quasiparticles is difficult to maintain due to the drift
arising from external fluctuation, which could result in ambiguous recognition
between quasiparticles and uniform magnetic background. Here, we demonstrate
that electric polarization-driven skyrmionic and uniform ferromagnetic states
can be easily and explicitly distinguished by transverse voltage arising from
anomalous valley Hall effect in the Janus magnet-based multiferroic
heterostructure LaClBr/In2Se3. Our work provides an alternative approach for
data encoding, in which data are encoded by combing topological spin textures
with detectable electronic transport.Comment: published in 2D materials, 9, 045030 (2022
EmoSet: A Large-scale Visual Emotion Dataset with Rich Attributes
Visual Emotion Analysis (VEA) aims at predicting people's emotional responses
to visual stimuli. This is a promising, yet challenging, task in affective
computing, which has drawn increasing attention in recent years. Most of the
existing work in this area focuses on feature design, while little attention
has been paid to dataset construction. In this work, we introduce EmoSet, the
first large-scale visual emotion dataset annotated with rich attributes, which
is superior to existing datasets in four aspects: scale, annotation richness,
diversity, and data balance. EmoSet comprises 3.3 million images in total, with
118,102 of these images carefully labeled by human annotators, making it five
times larger than the largest existing dataset. EmoSet includes images from
social networks, as well as artistic images, and it is well balanced between
different emotion categories. Motivated by psychological studies, in addition
to emotion category, each image is also annotated with a set of describable
emotion attributes: brightness, colorfulness, scene type, object class, facial
expression, and human action, which can help understand visual emotions in a
precise and interpretable way. The relevance of these emotion attributes is
validated by analyzing the correlations between them and visual emotion, as
well as by designing an attribute module to help visual emotion recognition. We
believe EmoSet will bring some key insights and encourage further research in
visual emotion analysis and understanding. Project page:
https://vcc.tech/EmoSet.Comment: Accepted to ICCV2023, similar to the final versio
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and magnetic skyrmions induced by curvature
Realizing sizeable Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in intrinsic
two-dimensional (2D) magnets without any manipulation will greatly enrich
potential application of spintronics devices. The simplest and most desirable
situation should be 2D magnets with intrinsic DMI and intrinsic chiral spin
textures. Here, we propose to realize DMI by designing periodic ripple
structures with different curvatures in low-dimensional magnets and demonstrate
the concept in both one-dimensional (1D) CrBr2 and two-dimensional (2D) MnSe2
magnets by using first-principles calculations. We find that DMIs in curved
CrBr2 and MnSe2 can be efficiently controlled by varying the size of curvature
c, where c is defined as the ratio between the height h and the length l of
curved structure. Moreover, we unveil that the dependence of first-principles
calculated DMI on size of curvature c can be well described by the three-site
Fert-L\'evy model. At last, we uncover that field-free magnetic skyrmions can
be realized in curved MnSe2 by using atomistic spin model simulations based on
first-principles calculated magnetic parameters. The work will open a new
avenue for inducing DMI and chiral spin textures in simple 2D magnets via
curvature.Comment: Published on Physical Review B 106, 05442
Symmetry-Preserving Program Representations for Learning Code Semantics
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in automated program
reasoning, a crucial aspect of many security tasks. However, existing LLM
architectures for code are often borrowed from other domains like natural
language processing, raising concerns about their generalization and robustness
to unseen code. A key generalization challenge is to incorporate the knowledge
of code semantics, including control and data flow, into the LLM architectures.
Drawing inspiration from examples of convolution layers exploiting
translation symmetry, we explore how code symmetries can enhance LLM
architectures for program analysis and modeling. We present a rigorous
group-theoretic framework that formally defines code symmetries as
semantics-preserving transformations and provides techniques for precisely
reasoning about symmetry preservation within LLM architectures. Using this
framework, we introduce a novel variant of self-attention that preserves
program symmetries, demonstrating its effectiveness in generalization and
robustness through detailed experimental evaluations across different binary
and source code analysis tasks. Overall, our code symmetry framework offers
rigorous and powerful reasoning techniques that can guide the future
development of specialized LLMs for code and advance LLM-guided program
reasoning tasks
Double band inversion in the topological phase transition of Ge1-xSnx alloys
We use first-principles simulation and virtual crystal approximation to
reveal the unique double band inversion and topological phase transition in
Ge1-xSnx alloys. Wavefunction parity, spatial charge distribution and surface
state spectrum analyses suggest that the band inversion in Ge1-xSnx is relayed
by its first valence band. As the system evolves from Ge to {\alpha}-Sn, its
conduction band moves down, and inverts with the first and the second valence
bands consecutively. The first band inversion makes the system nontrivial,
while the second one does not change the topological invariant of the system.
Both the band inversions yield surface modes spanning the individual inverted
gaps, but only the surface mode in the upper gap associates with the nontrivial
nature of tensile-strained {\alpha}-Sn.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
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